Definitions

Study of animal is called Zoology.

study of the universe is called Cosmology.

Study of surface of the earth and its inhabitants are called Geography.

Study of life is called Biology.

Biology is the study of life. It is a vast and complex field that encompasses everything from the smallest cells to the largest ecosystems. Biology is a science that investigates the structure and function of living things. It is a way of understanding how organisms interact with their environment and how they evolve over time.

Study of human material remains called Archaeology.

Study of the environment is called Ecology.

Study of properties of substances is called Chemistry.

The science of knowledge or wisdom is called Philosophy.

Study of properties of matter and energy is called Physics.

Resilience refers to the ability to bounce back from adversity, hardship, or trauma and adapt to new circumstances.

Work-life balance refers to the equal division of time between work and personal life in order to maintain a healthy and fulfilling lifestyle.

Explanation: Emotional intelligence refers to the ability to understand and manage one's own emotions, as well as the emotions of others.

Explanation: Procrastination refers to the tendency to delay or postpone tasks unnecessarily, often resulting in increased stress and lower productivity.

A dichotomy is a division into two parts or categories that are mutually exclusive and exhaustive. It is often used to describe situations where two opposing ideas or concepts are presented as the only options

Encryption is the process of converting computer data into a secret code to prevent unauthorized access. It ensures that only authorized individuals can access and understand the data.

A virus is a software program that replicates itself and spreads to other computers without the user's knowledge. Viruses can cause harm to computer systems by corrupting or deleting data, or by disrupting normal system operations.

Phishing is a type of malicious software that tricks users into revealing sensitive information, such as passwords or credit card numbers, by pretending to be a trustworthy entity. Phishing attacks often occur through deceptive emails or fake websites.

A firewall is a network security measure that monitors and filters incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules. It acts as a barrier between a trusted internal network and an external network, such as the internet.

Protocol refers to a set of rules and guidelines for communication between devices in a network. Protocols define how data is formatted, transmitted, received, and interpreted, ensuring that devices can communicate effectively.

Authentication is the term used to describe a unique string of characters that authenticates a user's identity or verifies the integrity of transmitted data. It ensures that the user is who they claim to be before granting access to a system or network.

Decryption is the process of converting encrypted data back into its original form. It involves using a decryption key or algorithm to reverse the encryption process and make the data readable again.

An antivirus is a software or hardware component designed to detect, remove, or quarantine computer viruses. It scans files, programs, and other data for known patterns or signatures of malicious code, helping to protect the system from virus infections.

SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) and its successor TLS (Transport Layer Security) are communication protocols that provide secure transmission of data over an unsecured network. They encrypt the data to ensure its confidentiality and integrity during transit.

Access control is a network security measure that restricts access to resources based on the identity of users or devices. It ensures that only authorized individuals or systems can access specific resources, protecting them from unauthorized or malicious activities.

An API (Application Programming Interface) is a software program that provides a specific set of functions or services to other software applications. It defines how different software components should interact and allows applications to communicate and share data with each other.

An IP address (Internet Protocol address) is a unique numerical label assigned to each device connected to a computer network. It serves as an identifier for the device's location and allows it to communicate with other devices on the network.

A digital signature is a method of verifying the integrity and authenticity of a digital document or message. It uses cryptographic techniques to associate the document or message with a unique identifier, providing assurance that it has not been tampered with and originated from the claimed sender.

A bot is a program or script that automatically executes a series of commands or tasks. Bots can be designed to perform various functions, such as web crawling, automated customer service.

A URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is a unique string of characters used to represent a website's address on the internet. It specifies the protocol to be used (such as HTTP or HTTPS), the domain name or IP address, and the specific resource or page requested.

A URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is a unique string of characters used to represent a website's address on the internet. It specifies the protocol to be used (such as HTTP or HTTPS), the domain name or IP address, and the specific resource or page requested.

Steganography is the process of hiding sensitive information within other seemingly innocuous data, such as an image or audio file. It aims to conceal the existence of the hidden information, making it difficult to detect.

Adware is a software program that displays advertisements on a user's device without their consent or knowledge. While not necessarily malicious, adware can be intrusive and negatively impact the user experience.

A brute force attack is a technique used to gain unauthorized access to a computer system by guessing passwords or other security credentials through an exhaustive trial-and-error approach. It systematically tries all possible combinations until the correct one is found.

Spyware is a software program that secretly records and monitors a user's activities on a computer without their knowledge or consent. It can capture sensitive information, such as keystrokes, browsing habits, or personal data.

A worm is a software program that attempts to replicate itself and spread from one computer to another without requiring a host program or user intervention. Worms often exploit security vulnerabilities in computer systems to propagate.

Biometric authentication is a security measure that verifies the identity of a user based on unique biological characteristics, such as fingerprints, iris patterns, or facial features. It provides a high level of accuracy and security in user authentication.

NAT (Network Address Translation) is a network security measure that hides internal network addresses from external networks. It allows multiple devices on a private network to share a single public IP address, enhancing network security and conserving IP addresses.

A LAN (Local Area Network) is a type of computer network that spans a relatively small area, typically within a single building or campus. LANs are commonly used to connect devices and facilitate local communication and resource sharing.

Ransomware is a type of malware that encrypts a user's files and demands a ransom, usually in cryptocurrency, for their release. It restricts access to the files until the ransom is paid, posing a significant threat to individuals and organizations.

Data integrity refers to the process of ensuring that data remains consistent, accurate, and reliable over its entire lifecycle. It involves measures to prevent data corruption, unauthorized modifications, and other forms of data tampering.

Adware is a software program that presents advertisements to users based on their browsing history and online behavior. It is often bundled with freeware or shareware applications and generates revenue by displaying targeted advertisements.

Cache is a type of computer memory that stores frequently accessed data for quicker retrieval. It acts as a buffer between the CPU and main memory, providing faster access to frequently used instructions and data.

Protocol refers to a set of rules and standards that govern the transmission of data between devices in a network. It defines how devices should communicate, interpret data, handle errors, and ensure reliable and efficient data exchange.

Federalism is a system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and various regional governments. It allows for shared governance and protects the autonomy of regional entities while maintaining a unified nation.

A recession is a period of economic decline characterized by a significant decrease in business activity, production, and employment. It typically involves a contraction of the economy and a decline in consumer spending.

A treaty is a formal written agreement between two or more countries or organizations that outlines their mutual goals and responsibilities. It serves as a legally binding contract and establishes the terms of cooperation or resolution of disputes.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the total value of goods and services produced within a country's borders in a specific time period. It serves as a measure of economic activity and is often used to gauge the size and growth of an economy.

An epidemic is a violent and widespread outbreak of a disease in a specific geographic area or population. It involves a significantly higher number of cases than what is normally expected for the population or region.

Biology is the scientific study of living organisms, including their structure, function, evolution, and interaction with their environment. It is a diverse field that encompasses a wide range of disciplines, from genetics and molecular biology to ecology and environmental science.

Conduction is the process of transferring heat or energy from one body to another through direct contact or collision of particles. It occurs primarily in solids and is responsible for the transfer of heat through a metal rod or a hot skillet.

A tachyon is a hypothetical particle that travels faster than the speed of light and is used in some theoretical models to explain phenomena such as time travel and wormholes. It is purely hypothetical and has not been observed in any experiment.

Pressure refers to the amount of force exerted per unit area, typically measured in pounds per square inch or pascals. It is a fundamental physical quantity that plays a critical role in many areas of science and engineering.

A mineral is a naturally occurring, inorganic solid with a specific chemical composition and a crystalline structure. Minerals are the building blocks of rocks and are essential components of many geological and biological processes.

Sublimation is the process of converting a solid directly into a gas without passing through the liquid phase. It occurs when the surrounding conditions, such as temperature and pressure, allow the solid to transition directly into a vapor.

Climate refers to the average weather conditions of a region over a long period of time, including factors such as temperature, precipitation, humidity, and wind patterns. It provides an overall characterization of the typical weather patterns experienced in a particular area.

Camouflage is the ability of an organism to change its appearance or behavior to blend in with its environment for protection or hunting purposes. It helps the organism to remain hidden from predators or to ambush prey effectively.

An eclipse is the phenomenon of a celestial object, such as the Moon, passing through the shadow of another celestial object, such as the Earth. There are two main types of eclipses: solar eclipses, where the Moon blocks the Sun, and lunar eclipses, where the Earth blocks the sunlight reaching the Moon.

Digestion is the process of breaking down complex organic substances, such as food, into simpler molecules by the action of enzymes. It occurs in various stages along the digestive tract and allows the body to absorb nutrients for energy and growth.

Cultural diffusion refers to the rapid spread of a cultural practice, idea, or technology from one society to another. It occurs through various means such as trade, migration, communication, and colonization.

An atom is the smallest unit of an element that retains the chemical properties of that element. It consists of a nucleus, which contains protons and neutrons, and electrons that orbit the nucleus.

Capitalism is a social or economic system characterized by private ownership of resources and the pursuit of profit. It allows for free market competition and individual economic decision-making.

Geography is the study of the Earth's physical features, climate, and weather patterns. It involves the analysis of landforms, ecosystems, human settlements, and their interactions.

Dictatorship is a system of government in which power is held by a single individual who exercises absolute control. It lacks checks and balances and often restricts personal freedoms and political participation.

An earthquake is a sudden and violent shaking of the ground caused by the movement of tectonic plates. It is typically accompanied by seismic waves and can result in significant damage to infrastructure and loss of life.

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water into glucose (a form of stored energy) and oxygen. It is a vital process that sustains life on Earth and is the foundation of most ecosystems.

The ohm is the unit of electrical resistance that hinders the flow of electric current. It is named after the German physicist Georg Simon Ohm, who formulated Ohm's Law, which describes the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance in an electrical circuit.

Condensation is the process of a gas turning into a liquid state, usually due to a decrease in temperature or an increase in pressure. It involves the release of heat energy and is responsible for the formation of clouds, dew, and precipitation.

Waste management is the process of obtaining useful materials from waste products through various methods, such as recycling, composting, and waste-to-energy conversion. It aims to reduce the environmental impact of waste and promote sustainable practices.

Astronomy is the branch of science that deals with the study of the universe, including the stars, galaxies, planets, and other celestial objects. It involves the observation, measurement, and interpretation of astronomical phenomena.

Entropy is a measure of disorder or randomness in a system. It is commonly associated with the second law of thermodynamics, which states that the entropy of an isolated system tends to increase over time.

Evaporation is the process of converting a liquid into a vapor state, usually due to heating or an increase in temperature. It occurs at the surface of a liquid and is responsible for the transformation of water into water vapor.

Cognitive dissonance refers to the psychological discomfort experienced when a person's behavior or beliefs contradict each other. It often leads to a state of tension that individuals seek to resolve by changing their beliefs or justifying their actions.

A black hole is a region of space with extremely strong gravitational forces from which nothing, not even light, can escape. It is formed by the collapse of a massive star or through other astrophysical processes.

Transpiration is the process by which plants release water vapor through their leaves into the atmosphere. It plays a crucial role in the water cycle and helps regulate the temperature and humidity of the plant.

An extinct language is a language that is no longer spoken as a native language by any community. These languages have no living speakers and are often preserved only in historical records and linguistic studies.

Freezing is the phenomenon where a liquid turns into a solid state due to a decrease in temperature. During freezing, the molecules of a substance come together to form a more ordered and rigid structure.

Reproduction is the process by which living organisms produce offspring of the same species. It ensures the continuation of life and perpetuates the genetic information from one generation to the next.

A catalyst is a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process. It lowers the activation energy required for the reaction to occur, thereby increasing the reaction rate.

A heatwave is a prolonged period of abnormally high temperatures, often accompanied by drought conditions. It can pose health risks, affect agricultural productivity, and impact various ecosystems.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) refers to the total value of goods and services produced within a country's borders in a specific time period. It is used as a measure of economic activity and development.

Ecological balance refers to the state of a balanced ecosystem where the number of organisms and available resources are in harmony. It involves the interplay of various factors to maintain stability and sustainability.

Meteorology is the study of the Earth's atmosphere, including weather patterns, climate, and the effects of human activities. It involves the analysis and prediction of atmospheric conditions.

Deposition is the process of converting a substance from a gas directly into a solid without passing through the liquid phase. It occurs when the temperature decreases, causing the gas molecules to lose energy and form a solid.

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy through the synthesis of glucose. It involves the absorption of sunlight, carbon dioxide uptake, and the release of oxygen as a byproduct.

Democracy is a system of government in which power is vested in the people, who exercise it through elected representatives. It allows for political participation, the protection of individual rights, and the rule of law.

Barter is the practice of obtaining goods or services without payment or exchange. It involves the direct exchange of goods or services between individuals or communities without the use of money.

Oligarchy is a system of government in which power is concentrated in the hands of a few individuals or a small elite group. These individuals often possess wealth, social status, or other forms of influence.

Digestion is the process of breaking down complex organic substances into simpler substances, often facilitated by enzymes. It occurs in various organisms, including humans, and is essential for the absorption of nutrients.

Mass is the measure of the amount of matter an object contains. It is a fundamental property of an object and is typically measured in kilograms or grams.

Cosmology is the scientific study of the origin, development, and structure of the universe. It explores topics such as the Big Bang theory, dark matter, and the large-scale structure of galaxies.

Igneous rock is a type of rock formed from solidified lava or magma. It is characterized by its crystalline structure and can be classified into different types based on its composition and texture.

Geology is the study of the Earth's physical features, such as mountains, rivers, and landforms. It involves the analysis of rocks, minerals, and the processes that shape the Earth's surface.

Solar power is the process of converting sunlight into electrical energy using photovoltaic cells. It is a renewable energy source and has gained significant attention as a clean and sustainable alternative to fossil fuels.

In basketball, a jump shot refers to a shot in which the player jumps while maintaining possession of the ball and releases it before returning to the ground. It is a commonly used shooting technique in the game.

In football (soccer), a defender is a position that is primarily responsible for defending the team's goal. Defenders aim to prevent the opposing team from scoring by intercepting passes, blocking shots, and marking opponents.

In tennis, a drop shot is a shot that is hit with a strong downward trajectory, intended to make the ball bounce low and close to the net. It is used as a strategic shot to catch the opponent off guard and force them to move quickly.

In swimming, freestyle is the term used to describe the stroke where the swimmer's body remains in a prone position while alternating arm movements are used to propel forward. It is the most common and fastest stroke used in freestyle events.

In ice hockey, a goal is a scoring play where a player shoots the puck and it enters the opponent's net without being deflected by another player. It is the primary objective of the game and earns a team one point.

In cricket, a batsman is considered "caught" when the ball is caught by a fielder without the ball touching the ground. It is one of the ways in which a batsman can be dismissed.

Bareback racing is a form of horse racing in which the jockeys ride without saddles. It requires balance and skill from the jockeys as they maintain their grip on the horse's back while racing.

In volleyball, a dig is a defensive play where a player extends their arms to redirect an attacked ball back into the opponent's court. It is used to prevent the ball from touching the ground and keep the rally going.

In American football, a touchdown refers to a team's final chance to score by attempting to advance the ball into the opponent's end zone. It is worth six points and is a significant scoring play in the game.

In martial arts, a block is a defensive technique where a person uses their body or limbs to absorb or redirect an opponent's attack. It is used to defend against strikes, kicks, or other offensive moves.

In basketball, a bounce pass is a pass that involves bouncing the ball off the floor before it reaches a teammate. It is used to make the pass more difficult to intercept and is effective for close-range passes.

In gymnastics, a swing is a movement that involves rotating the body around a horizontal axis while holding onto a fixed apparatus such as the bars or rings. It requires coordination and control.

In boxing, a jab is a quick, short-range punch thrown with the lead hand. It is used to set up combinations, maintain distance, and keep the opponent on the defensive.

In golf, a bunker shot is a shot hit from a bunker, with the intention of lifting the ball out of the sand and onto the green. It requires skill and technique to control the distance and trajectory of the shot.

In soccer, a clearance refers to a defensive tactic where a player deliberately kicks the ball out of play to stop the opponent's attack. It is typically done to alleviate pressure and regain possession.

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy to synthesize organic molecules, such as glucose. It involves the absorption of light by chlorophyll in the presence of carbon dioxide and water.

The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life. It is the smallest unit of an organism that is capable of performing all the necessary functions of life, including growth, reproduction, and metabolism.

Reproduction is the process by which organisms produce offspring that are similar to themselves. It ensures the continuation of species and can occur through sexual or asexual means.

In genetics, a gene is the basic unit of heredity that carries information for a specific trait. It is a segment of DNA that contains the instructions for synthesizing a particular protein or RNA molecule.

Development is the process by which an organism undergoes changes in structure and function from a single cell to a fully grown and functional individual. It involves processes such as cell division, differentiation, and maturation.

Cinematography is the term used to describe the process of capturing moving images on film or digital media using a camera. It involves the selection of camera angles, composition, lighting, and other visual elements to create the desired aesthetic and storytelling.

Camera movement refers to the specific placement and movement of the camera in a shot. It includes techniques such as panning, tilting, tracking, and dolly shots, which add dynamism and visual interest to the scene.

Depth of field is the term used to describe the area within the frame that is in sharp focus. It is determined by factors such as the aperture setting, focal length, and distance between the camera and the subject.

Color grading is the process of selecting and coordinating the colors in a film to create a specific mood or visual style. It involves adjusting the color balance, saturation, and contrast to achieve the desired artistic effect.

Fill light is the term used to describe the lighting setup in cinematography that is used to illuminate the entire scene evenly and reduce shadows. It complements the key light and helps balance the overall lighting in the shot.

Composition refers to the specific arrangement of elements within the frame of a shot. It involves the positioning of subjects, objects, and other visual elements to create a visually pleasing and meaningful image.

Contrast refers to the range of tones from the darkest to the lightest in a shot. It plays a crucial role in creating visual impact, emphasizing certain elements, and establishing the mood or atmosphere of a scene.

Editing is the term used to describe the process of selecting and assembling shots in a specific order to create a coherent and compelling narrative. It involves the manipulation of time, space, and visual and auditory elements to shape the story.

Visual effects (VFX) refers to the technique of combining different visual elements from separate sources to create a seamless and believable composite image. It encompasses a wide range of techniques and tools used to enhance or create elements that cannot be achieved during the actual production.

Sound design is the term used to describe the process of recording and mixing all the sound elements, including dialogue, music, and sound effects, for a film or video production. It plays a crucial role in enhancing the auditory experience and complementing the visual storytelling.

A full shot is a camera shot that captures the entire subject from head to toe or from top to bottom. It provides a complete view of the subject and is often used to establish the spatial context or show the subject's body language.

A dissolve is a gradual transition from one shot to another, where the new shot emerges as the previous one fades out. It creates a smooth and seamless visual transition between two scenes or moments.

A pan is a camera movement that involves rotating the camera on its vertical axis, resulting in a horizontal sweeping motion. It is used to scan or follow the action horizontally and can reveal or connect different elements within the frame.

Focus refers to the process of adjusting the camera lens to bring the subject into sharp focus. It determines the clarity and sharpness of the subject and plays a crucial role in directing the viewer's attention.

A close-up shot is a shot that captures a small portion of the subject, emphasizing specific details or facial expressions. It allows for intimate portrayal of emotions and details that may not be visible in wider shots.

Zooming is the term used to describe the process of adjusting the camera's focal length to make the subject appear closer or farther away. It is achieved by changing the lens's focal length while keeping the camera stationary.

A long take is a technique of capturing a continuous shot without any visible cuts or edits. It often requires careful coordination and precise camera movements to maintain the desired composition throughout the shot.

Aperture is the term used to describe the adjustable lens opening in a camera that controls the amount of light entering the camera. It is measured in f-stops, and a larger aperture (smaller f-number) allows more light to enter.

Depth of field is the term used to describe the area in front of the camera that appears in focus. It is determined by factors such as the aperture, focal length, and distance between the camera and the subject.

An overhead shot is a shot that captures the subject from a high angle, looking down on them. It can provide a unique perspective and emphasize the subject's vulnerability or insignificance.

Tilt is the term used to describe the process of adjusting the camera's vertical axis to point the camera up or down. It is often used to reveal or follow a subject vertically within the frame.

A point-of-view shot is a shot that captures the subject's perspective as if seeing through their eyes. It allows the viewer to experience the scene from the character's viewpoint.

Tracking is the term used to describe the process of adjusting the camera's position and angle to follow the movement of the subject. It can be achieved by physically moving the camera or using specialized equipment such as a tracking dolly.

A multi-camera setup is the technique of shooting a scene with multiple cameras simultaneously from different angles. It allows for capturing different perspectives and provides flexibility in the editing process.

Exposure compensation is the term used to describe the process of adjusting the camera's exposure settings to control the amount of light reaching the camera's image sensor. It helps in achieving the desired brightness and tonal range in the image.

Fade out is the term used to describe the gradual darkening of a scene from normal lighting to complete darkness. It is often used to indicate the end of a scene or transition to a new scene.

Dolly is the term used to describe a camera movement that involves physically moving the camera toward or away from the subject. It can be achieved by using a dolly track or a camera rig with wheels.

A low angle shot is a shot that captures the subject from a low angle, looking up at them. It can create a sense of power or dominance and is often used to portray larger-than-life characters.

Shutter speed is the term used to describe the process of adjusting the camera's shutter speed to control the amount of time the camera's image sensor is exposed to light. It affects the motion blur and exposure in a shot.

A Dutch angle shot is a shot that captures the subject from a diagonal angle, creating a sense of tension or unease. It is achieved by tilting the camera to one side while keeping the horizon line askew.

Crane is the term used to describe a camera movement that involves lifting or lowering the camera vertically using a mechanical arm or crane. It allows for capturing high or low angles and smooth vertical movements.

A long shot is a shot that captures the subject from a wide perspective, showing a vast expanse or environment. It provides context and establishes the spatial relationships within the scene.

A composite shot is the term used to describe the process of combining two or more separate shots or images to create a single composite image. It is commonly used in visual effects and post-production to create seamless integration of elements.

A medium shot is a shot that captures the subject from the waist up, framing them from the chest or midsection. It strikes a balance between showing the subject's physicality and maintaining some level of detail.

Continuity editing is the term used to describe the process of combining individual shots or scenes to create a coherent sequence or narrative. It aims to maintain visual and logical consistency to ensure a smooth flow of the story.

An establishing shot is a shot that captures the subject's surroundings or environment, providing a wider view of the scene. It is often used to introduce a new location or establish the spatial context of the subsequent shots.

Homicide is the term used to describe the deliberate and unlawful killing of one person by another. It is a broad term that encompasses various forms of killing, including murder and manslaughter.

Suicide is the term used to describe the act of killing oneself intentionally. It is a tragic and complex phenomenon often associated with mental health issues and personal struggles.

Murder is the term used to describe the premeditated and intentional killing of another person. It involves the specific intent to cause the death of the victim.

Involuntary manslaughter is the term used to describe the killing of a human being by another person without the intent to cause death. It typically involves reckless or negligent actions that result in someone's demise.

Genocide is the term used to describe the act of killing a large number of people, typically as part of a systematic and intentional campaign. It is often motivated by ethnic, religious, or political reasons.

Uxoricide is the term used to describe the killing of one's spouse, specifically the killing of a wife by her husband.

Filicide is the term used to describe the act of killing an infant or young child by their parent or guardian. It is a tragic and deeply disturbing crime.

Parricide is the term used to describe the act of killing one's own parent(s). It can refer to the killing of a father (patricide), mother (matricide),

Fratricide is the term used to describe the killing of one's brother or sister. It involves the act of one sibling causing the death of another.