What is an operating system? List some popular operating systems.

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Answer:

The operating system (OS) is a program that manages and controls a computer

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19. What are the major responsibilities of an operating system?

Answer: Major responsibilities:
a. Controlling and monitoring system activities
b. Allocating and assigning system resources
c. Scheduling operations

# Tutorial: Java History

Question: Overview of Java Language Short

20. What are multiprogramming, multithreading, and multiprocessing?

Answer: Multiprogramming allows multiple programs to run simultaneously by sharing the CPU. Multithreading allows concurrency within a program, so that its subtasks can run at the same time. Multiprocessing, or parallel processing, uses two or more processors together to perform a task.

# Tutorial: Java History

Question: Overview of Java Language Short

21. Who invented Java? Which company owns Java now?

Answer: Java was invented by a team led by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems in 1991. Originally called Oak, it became Java in 1995 when it was redesigned for developing Internet applications. Oracle bought Sun and Oracle now owns Java.

# Tutorial: Java History

Question: Java Evaluation Short

22. What is a Java applet?

# Tutorial: Java History

Question: Fundamentals of Object-Oriented Programming Short

23. What programming language does Android use?

Answer: Android uses the Java programming language.

# Tutorial: Java History

Question: Fundamentals of Object-Oriented Programming Short

24. What is the Java language specification?

Answer: The Java language specification specifies the syntax for the Java language.

# Tutorial: Java History

Question: Fundamentals of Object-Oriented Programming Short

25. What does JDK stand for?

Answer: JDK stands for Java Development Toolkit.

# Tutorial: Java History

Question: Java Evaluation Short

26. What does IDE stand for?

Answer:

IDE stands integrated development environment.

An Integrated Development Environment (IDE) is a software application that provides a comprehensive set of tools for software development. It integrates various tools, such as a code editor, debugger, compiler, build tools, and version control systems, into a single application to simplify and streamline the software development process.

An IDE provides a unified user interface that makes it easier for developers to manage different development tasks, such as writing, testing, and debugging code, without having to switch between different tools. It also often includes features such as syntax highlighting, code completion, and project management, to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the development process.

There are many different IDEs available, ranging from free open-source solutions to commercial products, and they are often tailored to specific programming languages, platforms, or development frameworks. Some popular IDEs include Visual Studio Code, Eclipse, NetBeans, and PyCharm.

# Tutorial: Simple Program of Java- Hello World!

Question: Overview of Java Language Short

27. Are tools like NetBeans and Eclipse different languages from Java, or are they dialects or extensions of Java?

Answer: NetBeans and Eclipse are not programming languages, nor dialects, nor extensions of Java. They are Java development tools.

# Tutorial: Simple Program of Java- Hello World!

Question: Overview of Java Language Short

28. What is a keyword? List some Java keywords.

Answer:

Keywords have specific meaning to the compiler and cannot be used for other purposes in the program such as variables or method names.
Examples of keywords are class, static, and void.

Here is a list of some Java keywords:

Keyword	Description
`abstract`	Used to declare an abstract class or method.
`assert`	Used for debugging purposes to make assertions about the program's behavior.
`boolean`	A primitive data type used to represent a Boolean value (`true` or `false`).
`break`	Used to exit a loop or a switch statement.
`byte`	A primitive data type used to represent an 8-bit signed integer.
`case`	Used in a switch statement to specify a value to be compared with the expression.
`catch`	Used to catch exceptions thrown by a try block.
`char`	A primitive data type used to represent a single character.
`class`	Used to define a class.
`const`	Used to define a constant value.
`continue`	Used to skip the rest of the current iteration in a loop.
`default`	Used in a switch statement as a catch-all case.
`do`	Used to start a do-while loop.
`double`	A primitive data type used to represent a 64-bit floating-point number.
`else`	Used to define the alternative branch in an `if` statement.
`enum`	Used to define an enumerated type.
`extends`	Used in a class definition to indicate that the class is a subclass of another class.
`final`	Used to indicate that a variable, method, or class cannot be overridden.
`finally`	Used in a try-catch-finally block to specify a block of code to be executed after the try and catch blocks, regardless of whether an exception is thrown or not.
`float`	A primitive data type used to represent a 32-bit floating-point number.
`for`	Used to start a for loop.
`if`	Used to specify a condition in a branching statement.
`implements`	Used in a class definition to indicate that the class implements an interface.
`import`	Used to import classes or packages from another source file.
`instanceof`	Used to test if an object is an instance of a specified class.
`int`	A primitive data type used to represent a 32-bit signed integer.
`interface`	Used to define an interface.
`long`	A primitive data type used to represent a 64-bit signed integer.
`native`	Used to declare a native method.
`new`	Used to create a new instance of a class.
`package`	Used to define the package that a class belongs to.
`private`	Used to indicate that a member is accessible only within the same class.
`protected`	Used to indicate that a member is accessible within the same class and its subclasses.
`public`	Used to indicate that a member is accessible from any class.
`return`	Used to return a value from a method.
`short`	A primitive data type used to represent a 16-bit signed integer.
`static`	Used to indicate that a member belongs to the class rather than to an instance of the class.
strictfp	Specifies that a floating-point operation must be performed strictly in accordance with the IEEE 754 standard
super	Used to access the superclass's implementation of a method
switch	Used to perform a multi-way branch based on the value of an expression
synchronized	Used to ensure that only one thread can execute a method at a time
this	Refers to the current object instance
throw	Throws an exception
throws	Declares that a method may throw an exception
transient	Used to indicate that a field should not be serialized
try	Marks the beginning of a block of code to be tested for exceptions
finally	Provides a block of code that will be executed after a try/catch block, regardless of whether an exception was thrown or not

# Tutorial: Tokens in Java

Question: Overview of Java Language Short

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