Statistics Data
Table of Content:
Introduction
- Every experiment starts with Data Collection, followed by Data Analysis.
- Data Collection can be from any source.
- Data Analysis is the process of applying logical or statistical techniques to evaluate and describe data in a meaningful way.
Categories
Two broad categories of statistics that help in data analysis are:
- Descriptive Statistics
- Inferential Statistics
Descriptive Statistics
Descriptive Statistics:
- Provides summary statistics of data.
- Helps to quantitatively interpret the features of data.
Descriptive Statistics - Measures
Measures of Central Tendency
Focus on the average or central point of a dataset.
- Mean
- Median
- Mode
Measures of Spread
Focus on the dispersion of data from the central point.
- Range
- Standard Deviation
- Variance
- Interquartile Range
Inferential Statistics
- Makes inferences about the properties of a population.
- Makes propositions about a population.
Inferential Statistics - Terms
Estimation
Process of analyzing the parameter of population.
Point Estimation
Single value that determines the parameter of population.
Confidence Intervals
Range of values within which the parameter is included.
Hypothesis Tests
Specific values of the parameter are tested.
Inferential Statistics - Measures
Estimation
In this process, a sample is drawn from a population to estimate the following:
-
Parameter: Mean, Standard Deviation, Proportion, Correlation.
-
Confidence Interval: Range of values of an unknown population parameter.
Hypothesis Testing
A hypothesis test helps in determining whether to reject or retain a claim about a population, depending on the evidence provided by a sample of data.
Descriptive vs Inferential
Descriptive Statistics | Inferential Statistics |
---|---|
Describes target population. | Produces inferences from samples. |
Analyzes and presents data in a meaningful manner. | Predicts the future. |
Conclusions are represented by forms, charts, and so on. | Conclusions are represented by probability scores. |
Tools: Measures of Central Tendency- Mean, Median, Mode. | Tools: Hypothesis Test. |