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Automata Theory is a branch of computer science and mathematics that studies abstract machines and their computational capabilities. It deals with the study of formal languages, automata, and computational complexity.

Formal languages are sets of strings of symbols that follow specific rules. Automata are abstract machines that can recognize or generate strings in formal languages. Computational complexity is the study of the resources needed to solve a problem, such as time, memory, and space.

The main focus of Automata Theory is the study of Turing machines, which are hypothetical computing devices that can perform any algorithmic computation. Turing machines can simulate any other computing device, and their computational power is equivalent to that of modern computers.

Automata Theory also studies other types of automata, including finite automata, pushdown automata, and linear-bounded automata, each of which has different computational capabilities and limitations.

The applications of Automata Theory are widespread, ranging from the design of programming languages and compilers to the analysis of biological sequences and the verification of hardware and software systems.

In summary, Automata Theory provides a theoretical foundation for understanding computation and formal languages, which are fundamental concepts in computer science and related fields. It plays a critical role in the design and analysis of algorithms, programming languages, and computer systems.

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