Sentences and Their Functions

1. Assertive [বিবৃতিমূলক]

PATTERN 1: Sub. + Verb + Obj./Comp.

An assertive sentence, also known as a declarative sentence, is a type of sentence that makes a statement or asserts a fact. It ends with a period and can be either positive or negative.

For example:

• The sky is blue. (positive - হ্যাঁ-সূচক)
• I am not hungry. (negative - না-সূচক)

Assertive sentences can be used to express a wide range of ideas, opinions, or information. They are the most common type of sentence in both spoken and written language.

2. Imperative [আদেশ-অনুরোধসূচক]

PATTERN 1: Verb + Obj./Comp. [Please + Verb + Obj./Comp.]

An imperative sentence is a type of sentence that gives a command or makes a request. It is often used to tell someone to do something or to express a desire or need.

Imperative sentences typically do not have a subject and the verb is in the base form. They often end with an exclamation point to show strong emotion or an imperative tone.

For example:

• Close the door. (command)
• Please pass the salt. (request)
• Don't forget to turn off the lights. (negative command)

Imperative sentences can be used to give instructions, make requests, give orders, or express a strong desire. They are often used in persuasive writing or advertising to try to influence the reader or listener to take a certain action.

3. Interrogative [প্রশ্নসূচক]

PATTERN 1: Be/Have + Sub. + Main verb + Obj./Comp.

An interrogative sentence is a type of sentence that asks a question. It typically ends with a question mark and has a subject and a verb.

Interrogative sentences can be either closed or open-ended. A closed-ended question can be answered with a simple "yes" or "no" response, while an open-ended question requires a more detailed answer.

For example:

• Are you coming to the party? (closed-ended question - প্রশ্ন/জিজ্ঞাসা)
• What do you want to eat? (open-ended question - প্রশ্ন/জিজ্ঞাসা)

Interrogative sentences are used to gather information, clarify a point, or seek advice. They are often used in conversation or when conducting research to learn more about a topic.

PATTERN 2: Helping verb + Sub. + Main verb + Obj./Comp.

Optative [ ইচ্ছা বা প্রার্থনাসূচক]

PATTERN 1: May + Sub. + Verb + Obj./Comp. [Adv. + Verb + Sub.]

An optative sentence is a type of sentence that expresses a wish or desire. It is often used to express hope, longing, or a wish for something to happen in the future.

Optative sentences can be either positive or negative and typically include the word "wish" or "if only." They often end with an exclamation point to show strong emotion.

For example:

• I wish I could fly. (positive - হ্যাঁ-সূচক)
• If only I had more time. (negative - না-সূচক)

Optative sentences are used to express a desire or wish for something to happen or be different. They are often used in literature or poetry to convey a character's feelings or emotions.

Exclamatory [আবেগসূচক]

PATTERN 1: Exclamatory word + Sub. + Verb + Obj./Comp.

An exclamatory sentence is a type of sentence that expresses strong emotion or surprise. It often ends with an exclamation point and includes an exclamation such as "wow" or "oh no."

Exclamatory sentences can be either positive or negative and can be used to express a wide range of emotions, such as happiness, excitement, anger, or disappointment.

For example:

• Wow, that was amazing! (positive - হ্যাঁ-সূচক)
• Oh no, I forgot my keys! (negative - না-সূচক)

Exclamatory sentences are used to emphasize a strong feeling or emotion and can be used in both spoken and written language. They are often used in casual conversation or when expressing a strong reaction to something.

PATTERN 2 What + Sub. (Subject phrase) + Verb [How + Adj. + Sub. + Verb]