Computer Operating System

Option D: Authentication

Option B: Operating System

Open System Interconnection

Mac OS

Java

Keyboard

Can be a hardware as well as software

All of above

Operating System

An operating system

Linus Torvalds

Octal system uses 8 digits from 0 to 7.

Time required to locate and retrieve stored data

Both of above

Multiprocessing

Internet Server management

NOT

Non preemption

Collecting the data and converting it into information is called processing.
Processing It is the sequence of actions taken on data to convert it into information which is meaningful to the user. It can be calculations, comparisons or decisions taken by the computer.

Part number, description and number of parts ordered are examples of processing [IBPS Clerk 2013]
Processing: It is the sequence of actions taken on data to convert it into information which is meaningful to the user. It can be calculations, comparisons or decisions taken by the computer.

Data [IBPS Clerk Mains 2017]

Terms Related to Computer
1. Hardware: It is the collection of physical elements that constitutes a computer system. It is a comprehensive term for all the physical parts of a computer. e.g. Display screens, discs, keyboards, etc.
2. Software: It is a set of programs and procedures. Software tells the hardware what to do and how to accomplish a task. e.g. Web browsers, word processors, etc.
3. Data: Unprocessed raw facts and figures, like numbers, text on piece of paper, are known as data.
4. Information: When data is processed, organised, structured or presented in a given context so as to be useful, then it is called information.
5. Instruction: It is a command given to a computer in the computer language by the user.
6. Program: It is a set of instructions given to a computer in order to perform some task.

Answer: A) A program in execution

In an operating system, a process refers to a program in execution. When a program is loaded into memory and begins to run, it becomes a process. A process contains the program code as well as other information such as the program counter, stack pointer, and memory allocation. Processes are managed by the operating system, which allocates resources such as memory and CPU time to them. The operating system also schedules processes to run in a specific order to ensure efficient use of resources and proper functioning of the system.

Answer: C) Shortest Job First (SJF)

In operating systems, scheduling algorithms are used to determine which process to run next. The shortest job first (SJF) scheduling algorithm is designed to minimize the average waiting time for processes. In this algorithm, the scheduler selects the process with the smallest execution time from the queue of waiting processes. Once the process with the shortest execution time is complete, the scheduler selects the next process with the shortest execution time, and so on. This algorithm works well in systems where the execution times of processes are known in advance, as it allows for efficient use of resources and minimizes the waiting time for processes. However, in systems where the execution times are not known in advance, other scheduling algorithms such as round-robin or priority scheduling may be more appropriate.