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Chauri-Chaura incident (February 4, 1922)
Background
⬧ Non-Cooperation Movement (1920 AD-1922 AD) – Economic crisis arising after the First World War, Rowlatt Act, Jallianwala Bagh Massacre, dissatisfaction with Montague Chelmsford Reforms were the main reasons for the non-cooperation movement.
⬧Taking together the demands of the Congress and the Khilafat Committee, Gandhi urged the British government to present a new plan to satisfy the Indians and warned to start non-cooperation movement if the demands were not accepted by the government.
⬧ The government did not pay heed to his demands; Gandhi started the non-cooperation movement from August 1, 1920.
⬧ In September, 1920, a special session of Congress was held in Calcutta under the chairmanship of Lala Lajpat Rai, in this special session the program of non-cooperation movement was accepted.
⬧ In December 1920, under the chairmanship of Vijay Raghavacharya, the annual session of the Congress was held in Nagpur, in this session the resolution of non-cooperation was reiterated.
⬧ Non-cooperative programs – Renunciation of government titles and unpaid posts, boycott of government festivals, boycott of government schools, colleges and courts, boycott of foreign goods; Apart from this, resignation from government job and refusal to pay taxes were also included.
⬧ Constructive Activities – establishment of national schools and colleges, establishment of panchayats to settle disputes, promotion of indigenous clothes made by charkhas, encouragement of hand-spinning and weaving, prohibition of liquor, Hindu-Muslim unity, eradication of untouchability etc.
⬧ The title of 'Kesar-e-Hind' was renounced by Gandhi. Jamnalal Bajaj renounced the title of 'Rai Bahadur'. Advocacy was renounced by Motilal Nehru, Chittaranjan Das, Rajendra Prasad.
⬧ On November 17, 1921, when the British Crown Prince of Wales reached Mumbai, the public took out a protest march. The workers closed the factories and declared a strike. Demonstrations took place at various places. Opened fire on the protesters, in which several people were killed.
⬧ There were 396 strikes in 1921 AD, in which 6 lakh workers participated. More than 30 thousand people had been arrested.
⬧ On February 1, 1922, Gandhi warned Viceroy Lord Reading that if the government did not release the agitators within a week, ending the cycle of repression, they would start a mass civil disobedience movement from Bardoli.
⬧ Chauri-Chaura Incident - On February 4, 1922, an incident took place at a place named Chauri-Chaura in Gorakhpur district of Uttar Pradesh (Deoria District RBSE Class-12, February 5, 1922). The police tried to suppress the peaceful procession in Chauri-Chaura, due to which the agitated crowd surrounded the police station and set it on fire. One police station and 21 policemen were killed in this. Gandhi decided to call off the non-cooperation movement because of this incident. On February 12, 1922, at the Congress Committee meeting in Bardoli, Gandhi announced the suspension of the non-cooperation movement.
⬧ Jailed Lala Lajpatrai, Chittaranjan Das and Motilal Nehru wrote a letter opposing this decision of Gandhi.
⬧ Subhash Chandra Bose and Jawaharlal Nehru were also saddened by this decision.

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